回研究彙報目錄| 行政院農業委員會台南區農業改良場 研究彙報第31號 |
落花生新品種台南12之育成
蔡承良 楊允聰 陳振義 林義恭 徐進生
摘 要
蔡承良、楊允聰、陳振義、林義恭、徐進生．1994．落花生新品種台南12之育成。台南區農業改良場研究彙報31：1~22。
落花生新品系「南改系147號」於1993年12月2日通過命名，登記為「台南12號」。台南12號係以雜交育種方法育成，母本為南改系128號，父本為75(2)-3-21。人工雜交於1983年春作進行，1983年秋作至1985年秋作以混合法進行雜交後代分離與培育及選拔優良單株(品系)，1986年春作至1989年秋作進行品系試驗，1990年春作至1991年秋作進行區域試驗。
台南12號屬西班牙型（Spanish type），株型直立，株高春作約47cm，秋作約42cm，分支數約4∼8支，莖呈淺綠色，葉為倒卵形，花為黃色，莢果為中筒形，長約3.21cm，寬約1.32cm，有果腰，莢殼薄且略有網紋，每莢通常有二個籽粒，籽粒為橢圓形，長約1.5cm，寬約0.9cm，種皮為粉紅色，種子不具休眠性。始花期春作約為出土後30∼40天，秋作約為25∼30天；成熟收穫期春作約為播種後120∼130天，秋作約為105∼115天。平均公頃乾莢果產量春作為2965 kg，秋作為2485 kg，平均公頃籽粒產量春作為2094 kg 秋作為1779 kg。剝實率約70.8∼71.1％，百莢重約127∼140 g，千粒重約530∼597 g，籽粒油份含量約44.9∼49.3％，蛋白質含量約28.1∼30.5％。在田間自然發病情形下，罹銹病及葉斑病的程度，較台南11號、台南選9號等推廣品種輕微。子房柄的拉力或斷裂力介於台南11號與台南選9號之間。根據全省區域試驗資料，進行穩定性分析的結果，台南12號的乾莢果產量甚為穩定，可在全省各地栽培。由於台南12號在雲林及彰化試區的乾莢果產量較高，因此尤適合於雲林及彰化地區栽培。
關鍵詞：落花生、品種改良。
接受日期：1994年7月18日。
Development and Registration of Tainan 12 Peanut
Tsai, C. L., Y. T. Yang, C. Y. Chen, Y. K. Lin and C. S. Hsu
Summary
“Tainan 12” is a high-yielding, Spanish-type pernut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar developed by the Tainan District Agricultural Improvement Station (Tainan DAIS) and released in 1993. It was selected by the bulk method following the cross of NS128 and 75(2)-3-21. The final single plant selection was made in F5 generation, the fall crop of 1985. Tainan 12 was evaluated in a series of tests during 1986~1989 at the experimental field of Tainan DAIS, and at the major peanut production area in Taiwan under the designation of NS8744. In addition, Tainan 12 was further evaluated in regional yield test around the island during 1990~1991 for its yield potential and stability under the designation of Nan-Kai-Si 147.
Tainan 12 is an early maturing peanut cultivar and required approximately 120 to 130 days and 105 to 115 days to mature respectively, in the spring and the fall environments in Taiwan. Average pod yield of Tainan 12 is 2965 kg/ha in the spring crop and is 2485 kg/ha in the fall crop that outyields about 7.3% than Tainan 11, the predominant cultivar at present in Taiwan. In addition, the shelling percentage of Tainan 12 is about 71%. Hundred-pod weight is 127~140 g, and thousand-kernel weight is 530~597 g. The pod and kernel size of Tainan 12 is smaller the Tainan 11, but is larger the Tainan S. 9. Seeds of Tainan 12 contain 44.9~49.3% oil and 28.1~30.5% crude protein, depending upon the growing environments. Tainan 12 has not significantly differed from the commercial cultivars in resistance to foliar diseases, leaf spot and rust. Tainan 12 could be growing around the island, but most suitable for growing in Yun-lin and Chang-hua region.
Key words: peanut (Arachis hypogaea L), varietal improvement
Accepted for publication: July 18, 1994.