回研究彙報目錄| 行政院農業委員會台南區農業改良場 研究彙報第21號 |
食用大粒落花生品種台南11號之育成
徐進生 楊允聰
摘 要
徐進生、楊允聰．1987．食用大粒落花生品種台南11號之育成。台南區農業改良場研究彙報21：1~24。
台南11號係由台南10號〔台南6號 × Florispan runner〕與75(1)-4-1〔(台南6號 × P.I. 314817) × 台南6號〕之雜交後代選出，於民國73年春作以南改系132號之品系名，參加全省區域試驗結果成績優異，至75年春作命名為台南11號開始推廣。
本品種經於初級、中級及高級試驗結果（68年春作∼72年秋作），籽粒產量春作為2144kg/ha，增收10.5％。秋作為1790kg/ha，略遜於對照種台南選9號而減產4.5％。全省區域試驗結果（73年春作∼74年春作），二年春作18處平均，籽粒產量為1845kg/ha，比台南選9號增收11.5％。秋作10處平均，籽粒產量為1652kg/ha，略遜於台南選9號而減少1.3％。由上述成績而知，本品種產量春作優於秋作。
本品種主要農藝特性為(1)屬西班牙型之大粒品種，百莢重171.3∼204.8g.（ck.118.1∼137.8g），百粒重62.7∼74.1g（ck. 43.2∼53.3g）。但剝實率略低2∼3％左右。(2)成熟期，春作約需120∼125天，秋作約需110∼115天，與台南選9號相同。(3)未具休眠性。(4)抗銹病、抗小綠葉蟬及薊馬蟲害比台南選9號為強。(5)作畦寬行疏播為宜（畦寬100cm，行株距35cm × 10cm或12cm）。(6)整全粒及上豆（仁）率高，籽粒無皺紋且飽滿，已達大粒種之程度，有利於食用加工。(7)本品種粗脂肪含量46∼53％，粗蛋白質含量29∼31％，均與台南選9號相近。
本品種適應地區尚廣，依全省區域試驗結果，春作在雲林縣濱海地區落花生主產地及宜蘭、苗栗等最適應，彰化及東部地區亦可適應，秋作台南區雲林縣最多，本品種秋作儘早播種其產量亦不差。土壤以輕鬆而肥沃之砂質壤土最適合，可提高莢果品質，增加食用加工的價值。
A Newly Developed Large Seed Peanut Variety “Tainan No. 11”
C. S. Hus, Y. T. Yang
Summary
In 1986, there were 56,000 ha of peanuts planted in Taiwan, the average pod yield was 1,659 kg/ha. Spanish type peanut variety is commonly planted; the variety Tainan (Sel.) No. 9 is a leading variety throughout the island.
As the demand of the food-processing peanut increased in recent year, the peanut breeding has shifted to the development of large seed type variety. Therefore, the Tainan District Agricultural Improvement Station (DAIS) has put more efforts on peanut breeding. A new large seed variety “Tainan No. 11” was developed and released in 1986.
Tainan No. 11 was derived by bulk selection from a cross between Tainan No. 6 and a breeding line 75(1)-4-1 at Tainan DAIS in 1976. It has Spanish type of growth habit and the agronomic characteristics of this variety are described as follow:
1. Large seed, 100-pod weight 171.3~204.8 gr., 100-kernel weight 62.7~74.1 gr., the shelling percentage (71%) lower than that of Tainan (Sel.) No. 9 (74%).
2. Early maturing, 120~125 days and 110~115 days for spring and fall planting, respectively.
3. More resistant to rest disease, green leaf hopper and thrip in comparing with Tainan (Sel.) No. 9.
4. No seed dormancy.
5. The percentage of sound-mature-kernel (SMK) 1 to 3% higher than Tainan (Sel.) No. 9 and the percentage of extra-large-kernel (ELK) also high (61.6~71.8%).
6. With 46~53% and 29~31% of oil and protein content, respectively.
7. The yield potential of Tainan No. 11 in the selected line yield trials (1979~1983) showed that the kernel yield was 2,144 kg/ha or increased 10.5% in spring crop and 1,790 kg/ha or decreased 4.5% in fall crop, respectively, in comparing with Tainan (Sel.) No. 9.
In the regional yield trials (1984~1985) at 18 locations in spring and 10 locations in fall, average kernel yield were 1,845 kg/ha or increased 11.5% in spring crop and 1,652 kg/ha or decreased 1.3% in fall crop, respectively, in comparing with Tainan (Sel.) No. 9.